State the recommendations of the phelps stokes commission of 1924 on education. The 1951 regionalisation of education laws that later emerged and their implementation also focused on mass literacy and theoretical education. Effect of oral traditions, folklores and history on the development of education in nigeria, 1977 till date okediji, hannah adebola aderonke ministry of education, ibadan, oyo state, nigeria nigerian literatures contain history in the oral tradition and folklore like satire, proverbs, chants, symbolism etc. In the twentieth century the phelps stokes commission of l922. The baptist missioninitiated phelps stokes commission report on education in africa, which was adopted by the colonial state, also recommended rural schools with emphasis on agriculture. The phelps stokes fund was created by the will of caroline phelps stokes 18541909 and incorporated under the laws of new york state in 1911. Hussey, the first director of education in nigeria, yaba higher college was. Solved discuss the major recommendations of the phelps. The commission also recommended that the mother tongue be taught in early primary classes, while english was to be taught from upper primary up to the. The phelps stokes educational commission visited liberia in 1920 and included a chapter of observations and recommendations in the volume on west and south africa published in 1922. Phelps stokes reports on education in africa african education commission, 19231924 oxford university press, 1962 education africa organization 2 pages.
The reports of the commission2, marked not only a watershed in african educational. Use the link below to share a fulltext version of this article with your friends and colleagues. State the recommendations of the phelps stokes commission of. By the 1940s and 1950s, when natives began to participate in government, more. The phelps stokes commission s goal to promote education in ssa was bolstered by the events of world war i when europe and the united states saw education of backward africans as critical and promotion of wise educational policies in ssa essential to prevent interracial friction phelps stokes fund, 1962. From the very earliest post war years, the missions were feeling their way toward some kind of partner ship with government in education. After this amalgamation, and prior to independence, there was no education policy clearly defined by the colonial government. The commission also recommended that the mother tongue be taught in early primary classes, while english was to be taught from upper primary up to the university. Its original objectives were to improve housing for the poor in new york city, and the education of negroes, both in africa and the united states, north. In accordance with the recommendations of this report, ably seconded by dr. The report of the phelps stokes commission on education in this part of africa, nigeria inclusive, criticized the type of education that existed and went ahead to make recommendations for a more relevant education.
State the recommendations of the phelps stokes commission. On august 25, 1920, the phelps stokes education commission left liverpool to study educational conditions and needs in several african territories. Examine in detail, the recommendations of the ashby reports and its significance to the development of higher education in. In 1912 the phelps stokes trustees, decided that a sociologist, dr thomas jesse jones, with the cooperation of the united states bureau of education, should undertake extensive studies of educational facilities for blacks in. How did the 1925 memorandum affect the educational policies in nigeria. Unit 4 the impact of phelps stokes commission on education development in nigeria unit 5 educational situation in northern nigeria province module 3 secondary and higher education in nigeria unit 1 secondary education in nigeria 1859 1929 unit 2 educational development in nigeria. Report prepared by thomas jesse jones, chairman of the.
Oct 18, 2006 in 1920 the phelps stokes fund launched its african education commission, led by thomas jesse jones, a welshman who had formerly taught at hampton institute in virginia. Every school system should include at least one school with a department of technical or industrial education giving specialised training, so that pupils who attend 285. Phelps stokes commission to east africa empire online adam. Nigeria and an outcome of the recommendations of the 1920 phelps stoke commission. Answer phelps stokes fund ps is a nonprofit fund established in 1911 by the will of new york philanthropist caroline phelps stokes, a member of phelps stokes family. Planning technical and vocational education and training. In 1924, phelps stokes commission, set up in the early 1920s to assess the education of african people by english speaking africa in kenya they recommended that education for africans be left to the missionaries and government to increase its subsidies and supervise sifuna 1980. In 1920 the phelps stokes fund launched its african education commission, led by thomas jesse jones, a welshman who had formerly taught at hampton institute in virginia.
Colonial office file containing memoranda and correspondence relating to arrangements for the appointment and visit of an education commission to east africa, funded by the phelps stokes fund. The phelps stoke commission in africa recommends collaboration between the missions and the government. This unsavory educational scene prompted the phelps stokes fund of america to sponsor a commission in 1920 to study the educational provisions made by the colonialists for the african peoples visavis the educational needs of the people. It was instituted in 1911 by miss caroline phelps stokes to enhance the religion and education of black peoples in africa and the united states of america. In line with the phelpsstokes commissions recommendations, attempts were made to africanize the curriculum through an emphasis on agriculture and the inclusion of other african cul. Hussey, the first director of education, reorganised the teacher training system in nigeria along the suggestions given by the phelps stokes report. I am lad to oe able to tell y u that your letter to me of septemoer 10th has resulted in the council of this institute aefc iding t initiate studies along lines similar to thof. Race, class, imperialism and colonialism, 16072007. Critically assess their impact on the provision of education in northern rhodesia between 19251963. Historical analysis of educational policy formulation in nigeria.
The phelps stokes report of 1922 recommended that education be adapted to community needs i. The nature, scope and processes of traditional education in nigeria the islamic system of education in the advent of western education in the development of education in nigeria 1919 and beyond introduction having gone through the last unit, you will realise that up to 1914, western education system in nigeria had no definite philosophy. The reports of the two phelps stokes committees that visited west africa in 1920 and east and. Discuss the objectives and achievements of the 1887 ordinance. Jun 30, 2016 in 1920 phelps stokes fund launched its african education commission, led by thomas jesse jones a welshman who had formerly taught at hampton institute in virginia. In 1924, phelpsstokes commission, set up in the early 1920s to assess the education of african people by english speaking africa in kenya they recommended that education for africans be left to the missionaries and government to increase its subsidies and supervise sifuna 1980.
One of the first outcomes of the phelps stokes report and the memorandum on educational policy in british tropical africa was the passing of a new education ordinance and code that became effective on may 26, 1926. A critical view of the historical development and concerns. Examine the impact of the commission on nigeria education. This chapter describes the development of modern education in nigeria from 19261960. Phelps stokes convened several commissions to study the educational conditions and. However, the 1920 phelps stokes commission awakened the colonial government to the need for improvement.
Instead, institutions that promoted manual work and taught practical. Created as the trustees of phelps stokes fund, phelps stokes connects emerging leaders and organizations in africa and the americas with resources to help them advance social and economic development. History of curriculum development in nigeria peakng. The commission made its report public in 1922, emphasizing, among other things that. The commission found that, although, the provision of educational services and facilities in africa would to a large extent be credited to the activities of the christian. Describe the significance of the phelps stokes commission reports to the development of the british educational policies in its colonies. Discuss extensively, the development of secondary education in nigeria. Consequently nigeria has for decades invested in education in the hope of generating qualified and skilled manpower for developing her abundant natural resources. The phelps stokes commission was a private, missionary group that was funded while calling for partnership. In 1922, a commission set up by the phelps stokes fund to look into education in west and equatorial africa, which included nigeria, produced a report titled. Colonial office file containing memoranda and correspondence relating to arrangements for the appointment and visit of an education commission to east africa, funded by the phelpsstokes fund. In 1925 advisory committeefor education in tropical africa recommended a necessary skills training. Africa with particular regard to the quantity and quality of education being provided. Phelpsstokes reports on education in africa internet archive.
Discussion on the educational development that took place in nigeria from 1919 and beyond will. Assess the development of islamic education in nigeria. A new climate of opinion was highlighted by the publication of the commission. Through that collaboration educational needs can be better served. Oct 30, 2017 state the recommendations of the phelps stokes commission of 1924 on education. Phelps stokes commission to east africa section section v. A study of east, central and south africa by the second african education commission under the auspices of the phelps stokes fund, in cooperation with the international education board. It also recommended practical education for africancommunities. The ordinance was a landmark in the development of education in. Publication date 1962 note abridged extracts from two reports, education in africa.
The report emphasised the need for a policy on adult and community education fafunwa, 1974. Phelps stokes commission brought radical change in nigeria education. What are the recommendations of the phelps stoke commission. Harbison work focused both on intermediate education and nigerians require for high level manpower for a period of 10 years and warned against over investing in higher education and overcrowding the universities with cohoresin on. Phelps stokes education commissions in their investigations of african education. The phelps stokes fund ps is a nonprofit fund established in 1911 by the will of new york.
The reports of the phelps stokes commission made a profound impression on the advisory committee on native education and this can be noted when the native education committee presented its. The major reason for this was the excess attention given to academic curriculum. A study of west, south, and equatorial africa by the african education commission, under the auspices of the phelps stokes fund and foreign mission societies of north america and europe. Phelps stokes commission, africa, 19231925 hanns vischer. Phelpsstokes reports on education in africa in searchworks. The african ejournals project has digitized full text of. Phelpsstokes education commissions in their investigations of african education. Report by major vischer on his journey to the east african dependencies with the. A new climate of opinion was highlighted by the publication of the commissions reports.
African responses to christian mission education african. A case in point is the 1924 phelps stokes commission which recommended that kiswahili be dropped in the education curriculum, except in areas where it was spoken as the first language. Document which highlighted the guidelines for all levels of education in nigeria was published and this was based on the outcome of 1969 curriculum conference which was also based on the report of phelps stokes commission of 1922 that africans needed to tailor their education towards meeting their needs. Effect of oral traditions, folklores and history on the. Tanganyika, zanzibar, nyasaland, bechuanaland, basutoland, nigeria, gambia, sierra leone, gold coast.
When the phelps stokes commission for education was created in 1919, southern cameroon which was administered as part of nigeria was one of the african countries that benefited from the educational opportunity offered by the commission. In line with the phelps stokes commission s recommendations, attempts were. The findings and recommendations of phelps stoke commission made significant impact and indeed formed the bedrock of educational developments in nigeria up till. Society, schools and progress in nigeria sciencedirect. Harbisons study of nigerias manpower needs prepared a way for the work of ashbys commission. The phelps stokes commission emphasized that the schools first approach should be to the individual and the elements of individual life in the school. Unit 4 the impact of phelpsstokes commission on education development in nigeria unit 5 educational situation in northern nigeria province module 3 secondary and higher education in nigeria unit 1 secondary education in nigeria 1859 1929 unit 2 educational development in nigeria between 19251939. Phelps stokes commission to east africa empire online. Nigeria is one of the countries that have adopted education as an instrument par excellence for national development. English was retained as the medium of instruction in the higher primary and secondary schools akinnaso, 1990. The 1922 phelps stokes commission report, for example, stated. The phelps stokes commission, a missionary inspired and privately financed commission in the same year called for partnership between missions and government, not separate development, and this policy was delineated in a subsequent colonial office memorandum of 1925 entitled, education policy in british tropical africa. Between 1920 and 1921, african education commission known as phelps stokes commission was set up to study the native and relevance of education in africa.
The phelps stokes fund ps is a nonprofit fund established in 1911 by the will of new york philanthropist caroline phelps stokes, a member of the phelps stokes family. Rhodesia organization and supervision phase phelps stokes fund physical polygamy possible. Its original objectives were to improve housing for the poor in new york city, and the education of negroes, both in africa and the united states, north american indians, and needy and deserving white students. Phelpsstokes reports on education in africa african. The phelps stokes fund was created in 1911 as a nonprofit foundation under the will of caroline phelps stokes. A critical view of the historical development and concerns of. The phelps stokes commission on education in africa, also known as the africa education commission was established on the initiative of the american baptist foreign missionary society of make a comprehensive enquiry into the needs and resources of.
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